Staying safe when winter weather hits

By Leha Byrd

Though predictions vary, meteorologists across the region are warning citizens that smothering snow will create challenges the next few days. Some predictions call for between 6 and 10 inches of fluff in the Richmond metro area. For some, extreme weather poses health risks, particularly for those unprepared for heavy snowfall’s possible aftereffects, such as slick surfaces, falling branches and the exertion of clearing sidewalks and driveways. Consequently, Harinder S. Dhindsa, M.D., chief of emergency medicine at Virginia Commonwealth University Health, offers some practical tips for residents to stay warm, healthy and safe during severe weather.

What are some of the more common weather-related injuries when snow and ice are part of the weather’s elements?

In addition to the usual risks from hypothermia such as frostbite, we tend to see injuries from people slipping on the snow and ice resulting in various types of strains and fractures. As you can imagine, injuries from motor vehicle crashes are also more frequent. There is also an increased incidence of heart attacks as people shovel snow and exert themselves in ways their bodies may not be conditioned to performing. We also tend to see injuries from sledding accidents both in children and adults. There are also injuries from chainsaws as people work to clear downed trees and branches. Additionally, we see injuries from tree branches under pressure that spring back after being cut, often causing the people they hit severe and sometimes fatal injuries.  

What can be done before, during and after harsh weather to avoid these types of injuries?

Planning is essential. Be prepared and maintain an awareness of the weather patterns and risks, especially if you are planning to go outside or if you have to travel. Have a plan for what to do if you lose power to your home. Make sure you have plenty of food and water. Make sure you have working smoke and carbon monoxide detectors in your home.

During a snowstorm, unless you absolutely have no choice, try to stay off the roads and stay indoors. If you are going to shovel snow or ice and are not used to physical exertion, ask or pay someone to help you if you can. If not, do not overexert yourself and take frequent breaks. If you have elderly neighbors, check on them. The elderly are often more susceptible to hypothermia, often due to impaired thermoregulation secondary to aging and/or medical conditions. After a storm, there is often residual moisture on steps, sidewalks and driveways. These areas can remain hazardous for days after a storm if the temperatures stay below freezing, or drop below freezing at night.

What types of health risks are more prevalent during this type of weather, i.e. asthma, arthritis, cold, flu?

People with cardiac conditions, asthma and other lung diseases are more susceptible to the stress that cold weather can create for them. People with arthritis or other conditions that affect their mobility are at an increased risk for injuries from falls.

Are children and infants more susceptible to the effects of cold weather?

Infants rely on us to anticipate and care for their needs including keeping them warm. Make sure they are appropriately dressed for the weather including a hat or cap. Oftentimes, infants may manifest hypothermia by having a weak cry, decreased energy level or cold skin. As mentioned earlier, we tend to see more sledding accidents in children. This is more common on hills with trees or in areas that are crowded with sledding activity.

What are immediate actions that can be taken if a person suspects they are experiencing hypothermia or any sort of weather-related trauma?

Get out of the cold and get indoors or someplace warm. Remove any wet clothes. Drink warm liquids if available. If moderate or severe hypothermia is present, seek medical attention. Do not drink alcohol.